Gambling involves risking something of value (such as money or property) on an event whose outcome is largely determined by chance. It is a common activity, occurring in most societies and incorporated into many local customs and rites of passage.
It is estimated that over $10 trillion is wagered legally each year worldwide – the vast majority of which is through lotteries. Gambling also occurs in a variety of other forms, including slot machines, sports betting, horse racing and games such as scratchcards. However, while there are differences between these activities, it has been recognized that gamblers share some common psychological processes and phenomenology. In fact, the latest neurobiological understanding of addiction has changed the way that psychiatric experts view problem gambling and is beginning to change the ways in which it is treated.
While many people gamble without any problems, a significant proportion develop a gambling disorder, which is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as: a persistent and recurrent pattern of problematic gambling that is associated with substantial distress or impairment. Gambling disorders can occur in individuals of any age, gender or socioeconomic status. However, it is more prevalent in those with low incomes who have more to gain from a big win and in young people, especially men.
The most serious form of gambling disorder is called pathological or compulsive gambling. The symptoms of this form of gambling are: a) spending more and more time engaged in gambling; b) lying to family members, therapists, or others about their involvement in gambling; c) attempting to recover from a loss by gambling more and more (known as “chasing losses”); d) jeopardizing or losing a relationship, job, education or career opportunity due to gambling; and e) engaging in illegal acts (such as forgery or fraud) to finance gambling (American Psychiatric Association 2000).
In extreme cases, those with a gambling disorder may begin to feel that life is not worth living, leading to thoughts of suicide. In these situations, it is important to seek help as soon as possible, as treatment is very effective and can reduce suicidal feelings.
It is also important to find healthier ways of relieving unpleasant feelings and boredom, such as exercising, socializing with friends who don’t gamble or taking up a new hobby. It is also essential to strengthen support networks, so that those with a gambling disorder do not feel so alone. If you or someone you know is struggling with gambling addiction, you can find help and support here.
